Types of US Student Visa
美国学生签证类型
If you’re planning to study abroad in the US – either for a full degree or a shorter period – you’ll need to apply for a US student visa. Here’s a quick guide to the three types of non-immigrant student visas for studying in the US.
如果你打算去美国留学 — — 一不管是一个完整的学位或者短期的 — — 你都需要申请美国学生签证。下面是留学群www.liuxuequn.com为大家整理的三种美国非移民学生签证申请指南。
F Visa
This type of US student visa is for international students who are intending to pursue an academic degree at an accredited US college or university, or to study English at a university or intensive English language institute. There are three types of F visa:
F-1 visas for full-time students.
F-2 visas for dependents of F-1 visa holders (spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21). This includes same-sex married couples.
F-3 visas for ‘border commuters’ – Mexican and Canadian students who reside in their country of origin while attending part- or full-time school in the US.
Students with F-1 visas can work on-campus for 20 hours a week or less. Students wishing to work longer hours and off-campus must gain prior authorization from the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) – they may also grant work authorization for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT) for a total of twelve months, without accruing more than 90 days of unemployment.
译文：
F签证
这种类型的美国学生签证是为那些打算修读认可的美国学院或大学，学术课程或密集的英语语言学院学习英语的国际学生准备的。有三种类型的 F 签证:
-F-1 :全日制学生。
-F-2: F-1 签证持有者家属(配偶和年龄在 21 岁以下的未婚子女)。这包括同性夫妇。
-F 3: '边境通勤者' — — 墨西哥和加拿大的学生居住在原籍国，但参加在美国的学校的部分或全日制课程。
F-1 签证的学生可以每周在校工作20 小时或更少。希望工作更长时间或到校外工作的学生必须事先得到美国公民及移民服务局(USCIS)的许可 — — 他们还可能授予工作授权课外实践培训 (CPT) 和可选实际训练 (OPT)，共十二个月，不能累积超过 90 天的失业。
M visa
The second category of US student visa is for international students who want to engage in non-academic or vocational study or training at an institution in the US. There are three types of M visa:
M-1 visas for students engaging in vocational or non-academic studies.
M-2 visas for dependents of M-1 visa holders (as in F-2 visas).
M-3 visas for ‘border commuters’ as in F-3 visas, but for vocational or non-academic studies.
M-1 students are admitted to the US for a fixed time period – the length of their training program plus any Optional Practical Training. They must not stay in the US for longer than one year except in the case of extensions due to medical reasons. M-1 visa holders are not allowed to work on- or off-campus while studying and may not change their status to F-1.
译文：
M 签证
美国学生签证第二类是为那些想要从事非学术或职业学习或培训机构在美国的国际学生。有三种类型的 M 签证:
-M-1 签证的学生从事职业或非学术的研究。
-M 2 签证为M 1 签证持有者的家属 (同 F 2 签证)。
-M 3 签证为 '为边界的通勤者' 同 F 3 签证，但是属于职业或非学术的研究。
M-1 学生获准在固定的时间段进入美国 — — 他们的培训课程的长度，再加上任何可选的实践培训。他们不可以留在美国超过一年，除了医疗原因的延期。M-1 签证持有人不允许在学习时在校内或校外上班，不可将其状态更改为 F 1。
J visa
Finally, this third type of US student visa is for international exchange visitors participating in programs in the US that promote cultural exchange. Whether it is to obtain medical, business or other training, all applicants must meet the eligibility criteria of the program in question and be sponsored by a private sector or government program. Holders of J visas usually stay in the US for a short period of time, perhaps one or two semesters. There are two types of J visa:
J-1 visas for exchange students on a relevant exchange program.
J-2 visas for dependents of J-1 visa holders (as for F-2 visas)
J-1 visa holders will be subject to the two-year home-country physical presence (foreign residence) requirement if they are part of a government-funded exchange program, doing graduate medical educational or training or if their training is listed in the Exchange Visitor Skills list (i.e. the J-1 visa holder’s home-country has deemed their field of specialized knowledge or skills as necessary to the development of the country). This requirement means J-1 visa holders will need to return to their home country for at least two years at the end of their exchange visitor program.
译文：
J 签证
最后，美国学生签证的第三类是国际交流游客参加在美国促进文化交流的课程。它是否将获得医疗、 商业或其他方面的培训，所有申请人必须符合资格并由私营部门或政府计划赞助。J 签证的持有人通常在美国待较短的时间，也许一个或两个学期。有两种类型的 J 签证:
-J-1 签证为有关交流项目的交换生。
-J-2 签证为J-1 签证持有者的家属 (同 F 2 签证)
J-1 签证持有者将会有两年本国居住的规定，如果他们是政府资助的交流计划的一部分做研究生医学教育或培训，如果他们的培训在交换访问者技能列表中列出(即 J-1 签证持有者的母国已当作他们的专门知识或技能作为对国家发展的必要领域) 。这项要求意味着 J-1 签证持有者将需要在项目结束之后回国至少两年。
Derivative visas
Holders of F-2, M-2 and J-2 visas are also allowed to study in the US provided they meet their chosen institution’s criteria. They do not have to apply for an F-1, M-1 or J-1 visa, but can apply if qualified.
J-2 visa holders can enroll as recreational or degree-seeking students, either full- or part-time, and discontinue their program at any time. They can also petition for a change to F-1 student status if they haven’t completed their academic program by the time the principle J-1’s status has ended. However, this is only if the J-1 visa holder is not subject to the two-year home residency requirement.
F-2 and M-visa holders are not allowed to work, and must secure an appropriate work visa if seeking employment. J-2 visa holders may request work authorization from USCIS by submitting form I-765.
译文：
衍生的签证
F-2，M 2 和 J 2 签证持有人也获准赴美留学，只要他们符合他们选择的机构标准。他们不需要申请 F-1，M 1 或 J-1 签证，但如果合格就可以申请。
J-2 签证持有者可以注册作为娱乐的或攻读学位的学生，全日制或非全日制，以及在任何时候中止他们的课程。他们也可以申请到 F-1学生签证，如果他们还没有完成他们的学业， J 1 状态已经结束。然而，这只是如果 J-1 签证持有人也不受两年回家居住条件限制的情况下。
F-2 和 M 签证持有人不允许工作，如果寻求就业必须确保有适当的工作签证。J-2 签证的持有人可通过提交表单-765向移民局要求工作授权。
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